Marylene Cloitre, Ph.D., is a senior staff member at the National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division at the Palo Alto VA and a clinical professor (affiliate) in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. Her research and clinical work are dedicated to the development of effective, patient-tailored, flexibly delivered mental health programs for trauma-exposed populations. She is past president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and was a member of the World Health Organization ICD-11 working group on trauma-spectrum disorders and the formulation and testing of post traumatic stress disorder.